Internal Medicine · Nephrology · Clinical Nutrition

Expert Guides.
Real answers, plain language.

Evidence-based guides by a practising nephrologist — for patients and their families.

93Guides

4Languages

14+Tools

KDIGOEvidence basis

New to CKD? Start here — 4-step learning path

Step 1 · Physiology

Your Amazing Kidneys

Normal function first

Step 2 · The Disease

Taking Charge of CKD

Stages & progression

Step 3 · The Numbers

Understanding Lab Results

Read your own tests

Step 4 · The Diet

Nutrition for Kidney Patients

Stage-specific food guide

Start Here — I Have… Select your situation for a curated reading path

Most-used tools & guides

Interactive Tool Lab Results Interpreter Symptom Checker When Should You Worry? Calculator CKD Dietary Reference Intake Top read Potassium & Hyperkalemia Top read Top 5 CKD Mistakes Calculator Dialysis Adequacy (Kt/V)

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Nephrology & Kidney Disease 27 ▾

Red Alert — Blood in Your Urine: When to Worry, When to Wait

New Clinician tab

Gross vs. microscopic hematuria, three-tube test, IgAN pattern, when cystoscopy is needed.

Lab Results Interpreter — What Do Your Numbers Mean?

Instant colour-coded interpretation against KDIGO 2024, ACC/AHA 2026, ADA 2025. 7 panels, 19 derived calculations.

Symptom Checker — When Should You Worry?

New Interactive

4-band triage for kidney, heart & diabetes patients. ER / same-day / urgent / routine recommendations.

Obesity, Overweight & CKD — Why BMI Alone Misleads

Asian-Pacific BMI cutoffs, hyperfiltration, MASH proteinuria, GLP-1 evidence, dialysis paradox.

Metabolic Acidosis in CKD — The Silent Bicarbonate Drop

Bicarb <22 accelerates CKD, weakens bones, worsens hyperkalemia. Inexpensive fix: sodium bicarbonate.

Your Amazing Kidneys — Normal Physiology

Immersive guide to what healthy kidneys do — filtration, reabsorption, endocrine signaling.

The Silent Scarring: Hypertensive Kidney Disease

How decades of uncontrolled BP silently scars kidneys — #2 cause of ESKD in the Philippines.

Taking Charge of CKD: Understanding Your Kidney Disease

Stages 1–5, classification, progression, and strategies to keep kidneys working longer.

CKD Statistics: Philippines, Asia & World

12.94 million Filipinos with CKD, 64,845 on dialysis in 2024, NKTI & DOH data.

Top 5 Mistakes CKD Patients Make

Most common and preventable mistakes causing avoidable progression and dialysis complications.

Slowing CKD Progression

Drug classes, lifestyle targets, illustrated glomerulus-protection mechanisms.

Proteins & Proteinuria

Why protein leaks into urine, correct measurement, RAAS and SGLT2i treatment.

Glomerulonephritis: When Kidney Filters Become Inflamed

IgAN, lupus nephritis, FSGS, ANCA vasculitis — biopsy, types, treatment illustrated.

IgA Nephropathy — The Kidney Disease You Didn't Know You Had

New Clinician tab

KDIGO 2025 algorithm, full drug table, referral criteria, SAR access pathway.

CKD in Children & Young Adults

Pediatric eGFR (Schwartz & CKiD U25), transitional care, school accommodations, PNSP data.

Staying Well on Dialysis — What Every HD Patient Must Know

Per-session expectations, diet & fluid, KDIGO 2024 targets, access protection.

Beyond Dialysis: Understanding Kidney Transplant

Why transplant is best for ESKD — surgery, immunosuppression, Philippines context.

Kidney Transplant Failure — Understanding Rejection & What Comes Next

Updated Clinician tab

Banff 2022 criteria, desensitisation, re-transplant checklists, second-chance pathways.

When the Access Gets Infected

AV fistula, graft, tunneled catheter, and PD exit-site infections — signs, antibiotics, catheter removal decisions, and prevention.

Dialysis Access Care: Your Lifeline — Protect It Every Day

Fistulas, grafts, catheters, PD catheter — daily care routines and early complication recognition.

Anemia in Kidney Disease: Iron, EPO & Energy

EPO deficiency cascade, iron-first principle, ESA targets, dialysis-specific approach.

CKD-MBD: Silent Sabotage of Bone & Blood Vessels

Calcium, phosphorus, PTH, vitamin D disruption — bone loss and arterial calcification.

Stone Smart: Managing Kidney Stones

Pass it, prevent it — stone types, MET, procedures, precision dietary strategies.

Kidney Cancers: Early Detection, Accurate Staging

RCC, urothelial carcinoma, Wilms tumor — why incidental imaging discovery changes survival.

Fluid Management & Interdialytic Weight Gain

Hidden sodium in Filipino foods, weekend gap danger, personalized UF rate estimates.

Potassium & Hyperkalemia in CKD

Why CKD raises potassium, EKG changes, Filipino foods to avoid, full medication guide.

The Itch That Should Not Be Scratched: Uremic Pruritus

60–70% of dialysis patients have chronic itch — full treatment ladder from creams to difelikefalin.

Dialysis in the Elderly: What Patients and Families Need to Know

Frailty, functional decline, Clinical Frailty Scale, when conservative management is more compassionate.

Peritoneal Dialysis: Your Complete Guide

CAPD vs APD, catheter care, diet, PhilHealth 2025 coverage (PHP 389k–1.2M/year).

You Didn't Sign Up for This: The CKD Family Caregiver's Guide

For spouses, children, siblings managing medications and dialysis — including caregiver burnout.

Internal Medicine & Metabolic Health 12 ▾

Diabetes & Your Kidneys

How diabetes damages kidneys through hyperfiltration and glycation, protective drugs.

GDM Nutrition & Meal Planning — A Nephrologist's Perspective

Calculator Philippines

What standard GDM counseling misses — 20-year kidney trajectory, rice strategy, 7-day meal plan.

Managing High Blood Pressure

How BP damages heart, kidney, brain — monitoring technique, medication classes, lifestyle targets.

Cholesterol Isn't the Enemy

Cholesterol biochemistry, why it rises, Filipino food choices that move your numbers.

Dyslipidemia: 2026 ACC/AHA Guidelines

New LDL targets (<55 very high risk), PREVENT equations, stepwise statin→ezetimibe→PCSK9i.

Heart & Kidney Connection — When Protecting One Saves Both

Cardiorenal cycle — how each organ accelerates failure of the other, drugs protecting both.

Gout — The Crystal Disease You Can Actually Conquer

Uric acid buildup in Filipinos, crystal kidney damage, why febuxostat preferred over allopurinol in CKD.

Why UTIs Keep Coming Back — And How to Finally Stop Them

Recurrence, correct antibiotic approach, hydration strategies, danger in CKD and diabetes.

Recurrent UTI as a CKD Peril

2024–2025 evidence on UTI-driven kidney scarring, antibiotic dosing by eGFR, MV-140 vaccine.

Prostate Enlargement (BPH)

BPH mechanisms, IPSS scoring, how obstruction damages kidneys, medications to restore flow.

Understanding Your Lab Results

Plain-language decoder for common blood and urine tests — what each number means.

Hurt Without Harm: Safe Pain Relief in Kidney Disease

Why mefenamic acid and ibuprofen are dangerous — safe painkillers by CKD stage, Philippine brands.

Nutrition & Lifestyle 14 ▾

Nutrition for Kidney Patients

Stage-specific limits with Filipino meal plan guidance using palengke-available ingredients.

CKD Dietary Reference Intake Calculator

Personalized daily targets for protein, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, fluid, calories by CKD stage.

CKD Recipe Nutrition Analyzer (AI)

AI Tool Philippines

Paste any recipe — instant Nutrition Facts label, CKD safety flags, AI-generated safer modifications.

Sodium & Salt Reduction — Your Most Powerful Daily Choice

Calculator Philippines

Filipino diet runs 5–6g sodium/day — double the CKD target. Hidden sources, smart swaps.

CKD Nutrition Label Scanner

Scanner Tool Philippines

Snap or upload any Nutrition Facts label — OCR reads it, flags CKD limits, suggests safer alternatives.

CKD-Friendly Filipino Recipes

11 full recipes — Tinola, Sinigang, Paksiw and more — tagged pre-dialysis or HD with macros.

Iron — Fueling Every Red Cell in Your Blood

Iron cycle plate to red cell, three deficiency stages, ferritin paradox in inflammation, CKD IV iron.

Reading Nutrition Labels with CKD

Philippine supermarket survival guide — spot hidden phosphate additives (E338–E452) and potassium chloride.

Meal Prep & Fast Food for CKD Patients on the Go

Updated Philippines

Leaching guide, traffic-light ratings for Jollibee/McDonald's/KFC/Chowking, 7-day meal prep plan.

CKD-Friendly Regional Philippine Recipes

12 recipes across 6 cuisines — Kapampangan, Ilocano, Ilonggo, Cebuano, Fil-Spanish, Fil-Chinese.

Ketogenic Diets & Chrononutrition in CKD

VLPD-ketoanalogue alternative, safety by CKD stage, circadian biology and kidney outcomes.

Phosphorus: The Silent Threat in CKD

Why phosphorus is dangerous in CKD, hidden phosphate additives, which binders to take and when.

Food & Kidney Toxins: What You Should Know

Phosphate additives, purines, oxalate, AGEs — how Filipino foods generate kidney toxins.

Uremic Toxin Precursors in Diet

Indoxyl sulfate, TMAO — gut-derived toxins dialysis cannot remove and biotic strategies to reduce them.

Lifestyle & Rehabilitation 8 ▾

Physical Exercise Guide for CKD Patients

Safe progressive program — aerobic, resistance, balance training with monthly progression plan.

CKD, Mental Health & Sleep

Kidney–brain axis — depression, anxiety, RLS, sleep apnea, medication effects on sleep.

Muscle Building & Supplements in CKD

CKD wasting mechanisms, evidence-graded supplements, dangerous gym supplements, 4-week plan.

Travel Guide for Dialysis & CKD Patients

Safe travel with kidney disease — arranging dialysis abroad, PD travel, pre-travel checklist.

Contrast-Induced Nephropathy

How iodinated contrast damages kidneys, who is at highest risk, prevention protocol.

Herbal Nephropathy

Star fruit, aristolochic acid plants, tawatawa, high-dose Vitamin C — kidney-damaging herbs.

Kidney Injury from NSAIDs

Why ibuprofen and mefenamic acid are dangerous — the triple whammy, safer alternatives by CKD stage.

CKD and Alternative Medicine: Fact vs. Fiction

Safe vs. nephrotoxic herbs, drug interactions, traffic-light supplement guide, myths busted.

Advanced & Emerging Topics 12 ▾

The CKD Prescriber's Playbook

New Clinician tab

Exactly how to use the drugs — SGLT2i start protocols, ACEi/ARB creatinine rise interpretation, RAASi hyperkalemia mitigation, GLP-1 titration, diuretic sequencing, binder timing, ESA adjustment logic.

Practical Outpatient Algorithms

New Clinician tab

9 rapid clinical decision algorithms for GPs and IM residents — edema, electrolytes, AKI, hypertension, CKD workup. KDIGO 2024 aligned.

New Therapeutic Agents for CKD

SGLT2i, finerenone, GLP-1, sparsentan, HIF-PHI — landmark trials, Philippines availability.

GLP-1 Drugs & Your Kidneys: What Ozempic Means for CKD

FDA 2025 semaglutide approval — FLOW trial, who qualifies, muscle loss warning, Philippines cost.

Innovative Technologies in Kidney Care

Novel biomarkers, wearable/implantable kidneys, AI in nephrology, gene therapy — what's coming.

Hemodialysis Modalities Explained

Conventional HD, HDF, home HD, PD, CRRT, SLED — mechanisms, clearance, patient selection.

Stem Cells and Kidney Disease: Reality vs. Myth

What science actually says — promising vs. what commercial clinics sell, how to protect yourself.

Is My Dialysis Working? Understanding Dialysis Adequacy

Kt/V and URR explained, KDIGO 2024 targets, interactive spKt/V Daugirdas calculator.

Understanding Your Dialysis Prescription

New Clinician tab

Every number on your dialysis order explained — Kt/V, UFR limits, parameters, dose adjustment triggers.

Lupus Nephritis — When Your Immune System Attacks Your Kidneys

ISN/RPS classes I–VI, biopsy, induction therapy, belimumab, voclosporin, Philippines context.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

ADPKD/ARPKD, two-hit model, PKD1/PKD2, tolvaptan therapy, aneurysm screening, family guidance.

Your Microbiome & the Role of Biotics in Health

38 trillion gut microorganisms — immunity, kidney toxin production, CKD biotic protocol with Renadyl.

Dialysis & Critical Nephrology 9 ▾

Preparing for Dialysis — The 12-Month Window That Changes Your Outcome

5 Tools Philippines Clinician tab

5 interactive decision tools: dialysis-or-CKM, AVF/AVG/catheter, HD/PD, transplant, PhilHealth estimator.

Advance Care Planning: Making Your Voice Heard Before the Crisis

Understanding choices, documenting wishes, dialysis withdrawal, Philippine legal context.

El Niño & Extreme Heat: Survival Guide for Dialysis Patients

Calculator Philippines

Heat paradox, brownout HD/PD protocols, medication storage, live heat-risk calculator.

Typhoon & Disaster Preparedness for Dialysis Patients

Updated Philippines

PAGASA signal-level action plans, go-bag essentials, missed session diet, PD storm protocols.

Managing Complications of Hemodialysis

IDH, cramps, arrhythmias, vascular access emergencies, infections — prevention protocols and checklists.

How to Transfer Dialysis Centers or Change Nephrologists Safely

New Philippines

Patient rights, PSN HPEF form, step-by-step transfer, templates, red flags, readiness checklist.

Cardiac Rehabilitation for CKD Patients After Acute MI

Four-phase cardiac rehab for CKD/dialysis — hospital mobilization, ECG telemetry, medications post-MI.

Acute Kidney Injury on Top of CKD (AKI-on-CKD)

KDIGO staging, pre-renal vs intrinsic vs post-renal, rhabdomyolysis, sick day rules.

Cleaning More Than Blood: Hemoperfusion in Critical Care

What hemoperfusion removes, HA130 vs HA330, HPHD combined protocol, Philippines cost, DSWD assistance.

Philippine-Specific / Safety / Access 9 ▾

Leptospirosis & Weil's Disease — The Flood Fever That Destroys Kidneys

Barefoot wading → acute kidney failure — biphasic illness, Weil's triad, doxycycline prophylaxis.

Organ Donation in the Philippines: A Complete Guide

Why Philippines has world's lowest donation rate, 2025 PCP declaration, how to register as donor.

PhilHealth Z-Package: PD & Kidney Transplant Benefits

PHP 120k/year PD, PHP 660k transplant — qualifications, documentary requirements, step-by-step application.

CKD & Financial Stress

Real cost of kidney disease — PhilHealth Z-benefits, PCSO-IMAP, DSWD-MAP, Malasakit Centers, 20+ resources.

Viral Infections & Vaccinations in CKD

Uremic immunoparalysis, 6 key viral threats, complete Philippine vaccination schedule with CKD doses.

Tuberculosis and Kidney Disease

CKD patients have 6–25× higher TB risk — renal TB, drug doses by CKD stage, rifampicin–tacrolimus interaction.

HIVAN: The Kidney Disease You Can Fight Back Against

HIV-associated nephropathy — collapsing FSGS, ART-first treatment, drug interactions, ESKD management, and screening protocols.

Buko Juice & Alkaline Water in CKD

Why buko juice can cause fatal hyperkalemia in dialysis patients — two most common Filipino myths busted.

Alcohol & CKD — How Much Is Too Much?

New Calculator Philippines

Harm-reduction guide — lambanog and SMB conversions, drug interactions, dialysis-specific risks.

"Zero Balance" Doesn't Mean Zero Worries

5 biggest ZBB myths, what PhilHealth actually covers, gaps, questions before any admission.